Directing Act II - the balcony scene of Romeo and Juliet Essay Example for Free

Coordinating Act II the gallery scene of Romeo and Juliet Essay Romeo and Juliet was initially a play composed by William Shakespeare, who was a gifted and well known writer in the sixteenth and mid seventeenth century. As there was no cinematography in his time, his plays were acted in theatres. As I am coordinating Act II the gallery scene of Romeo and Juliet, I have numerous points of interest. These days, we have the most recent hardware and methods for filmmaking. As a chief I need to consider numerous specialized factors, for example, camera edge, lights, impacts, props and outfits. I won't tangle with the story line, however will roll out certain improvements, which will separate my scene from the first. To introduce a decent presentation, I should consider some basic elements. For example, the spot the scene has in the general structure of the play, verifiable foundation, the setting, advancement of character, subjects and the utilization of language. Let me start by depicting the spot the scene has in the general play. Initially before Act II in Act I, we are acquainted with the quarreling groups of the Montague and the Capulets. We discover that Romeo an adolescent, who is in despair with his ineffective love for a young lady Rosanline, is the Montagues child. In the long run Romeo is convinced by his companion Benvolio and Mercutio to go excluded to a Capulet ball. There he meets Juliet who is the Capulets little girl and begins to look all starry eyed at her from the outset sight. The occasions in Act II depict what follows with this new romantic tale. This scene infact is the defining moment of the play. The plot starts to thicken from this scene on. I have concluded that I will keep up with the fundamental account line and start my film with comparable occasions. The following element I need to consider is the recorded foundation. Initially the story is situated in Verona, Italy. Verona is a city-state, which is represented by a ruler, for example, present day districts and regions controlled. In Verona there are two ground-breaking and well off families the Capulets and the Montagues. They have an old family quarrel between them of blood misfortune and executing. They are like crazy continually quarreling with one another. My film will be situated in Delhi, India. This is a colossal region and is heavily influenced by the official of police. In Delhi there are two amazing and rich industrialists who have a since quite a while ago matured fight between them. They would attempt to make hurt each other at any expense. The setting is the factor, which will separate my scene from the first. As I have set my play in India. I will likewise set it in the cutting edge time not at all like the first, which was set in the seventeenth century. I will utilize advanced communicated in English and not the first Shakespeare English. Cutting edge garments will be worn, current props and condition will be utilized. I should keep factors, for example, camera point, lights and impacts as a main priority all through the shoot of the scene. The set will be an enormous manor, which will be the Capulets house. This will simply be a piece of the house where Juliets gallery extends out. There will likewise be projections out of the divider where vases will be kept and there will be creepers on the divider. This will in the long run help Romeo to scale to Juliets overhang. The recording of the scene happens in a similar way as it occurred in the first play. The shoot will happen at sunrise, with the goal that the discoursed compare. The scene happens this way; Romeo hops over a divider and winds up in a compound, which has a nursery. He finds nobody as it is early morning yet observes the lights in Juliets room turned on. He attempts to move up to the gallery when out of nowhere Juliet shows up. He stays calm and tunes in to what Juliet is stating to herself. As Juliet is inclining toward the gallery Romeo ends his quiet. At that point both them become occupied with a sentimental discussion. At that point out of nowhere the attendant interferes with them. Juliet then becomes stressed and energized attempts to finish the discussion quickly. In the long run the they trade pledges and Romeo warily escapes the Capulets chateau. The following variable is the advancement of character. As a chief this is a factor I should worry upon so as to make my presentation an alluring and fruitful one. In Act II The Balcony Scene there are numerous adjustments in the character of Romeo and Juliet. Putting together my scene with respect to the first, I will utilize the first lines to imply the adjustment in character. Romeo toward the start of the scene is juvenile and absurd. In the wake of seeing Juliet at the ball and beginning to look all starry eyed at from the outset sight, he attempts to infringe into the Capulets house to meet Juliet. This was stupid of him as he was strolling into a pit. At that point when he is keeping an eye on Juliet, he communicates his inclination for Juliet to himself. He is optimistic about Juliet, for instance It is the east and Juliet is the sun! At that point in the long run he gets sentimental and graceful, for instance It is my woman, O it is my adoration! furthermore, The splendor of her cheek would disgrace those stars, As light doth a light and Her eyes in paradise, Would through the breezy district stream so brilliant, That winged animals would sing and think it were not night. He is extremely elaborative in his perspectives about Juliet, for example, O talk again brilliant blessed messenger, for thou craftsmanship. At the point when Romeo meets Juliet he carries on the discussion conveying his exchanges in his idyllic, sentimental and optimistic way. At a point in the scene Romeo even wishes for physical want. For instance O shrivel thou leave me so unsatisdfied?Eventually toward the finish of the scene he gets develop and plain in his demeanors. For instance By the hour of nine, he says this when Juliet asks him what time they ought to get hitched. By and large Romeos character is lopsided and not engaged. He is juvenile in his methodology and bit by bit develops before the finish of the scene. More often than not he communicates his affection for Juliet in a hopeful, graceful and sentimental way. He gets a kick out of the chance to tease and attempts to contact the feelings of Juliet. Then again Juliet is an individual who is full grown in her perspectives. From the earliest starting point till the finish of the gallery scene she stays calm and centered about her perspectives and articulation. Her character remains being reasonable and rational. She shows energy towards Romeo consistently yet with control feelings and emotions. In the start of the play she harshly alludes to Romeos and her selfs guardians going about as divider between their adoration. For instance Deny thy father and reject thy name. Or then again if thou shrivel not be nevertheless sworn my adoration; And Ill never again be a Capulet. She likewise continues depicting the criticalness of their names in their relationship, for instance Tis however thy name that is my adversary: Thou workmanship thyself, however not a Montague. At the point when Romeo ends his quiet and when they meet, Juliet gets perplexed and inquisitive about his quality, however she is additionally satisfied inside with respect to the exertion he made to come. She alludes by saying How camst thou here, let me know, and wherefore; The plantation dividers are high and difficult to climb, And the spot demise, taking into account who thou craftsmanship. As the scene advances Juliets character stays as same, being down to earth and centered about her perspectives. She answers to Romeos explained remarks with control feeling and clarity. For instance O swear not by the moon, thinconstant moon, That month to month changes in her surrounded sphere, Lest that thy love demonstrate in like manner variable.

Shakespeare’s sonnet 29 Essay Example

Shakespeare’s poem 29 Essay Shakespeare’s piece 29 has a topic of depression originating from the storyteller of the sonnet. All through the sonnet, the speaker communicates his misfortune and gloom in his setback disrespect jealousy and absence of trust in better things to come in his life. In this sonnet, the speaker wanted that he had the karma of others as he begrudged everyone around him. With this he despite everything battles to carry his spirits up yet neglects to do as such and keeps being morose and somewhere down in wretchedness. Piece 29 portrays the artist when he is generally down, shaky, and troubled.In the principal line of the sonnet, the topic of misery was at that point set when the storyteller said â€Å"When, in disfavor with fortune and men’s eyes†. He implied that he was embarrassed about himself with his horrible luck. In the second line he communicated his sentiments of being in solitude and outcasted. By the third line he communicated the extent of his bitterness a nd sadness by expressing that paradise was hard of hearing to his bootless cries. He had self sympathy and disgrace and communicated it in the fourth line by saying that he viewed himself and reviled his destiny. By the fifth line he was at that point envious of everyone around him who were fortunate enough not to have his awful destiny. In the 6th and seventh lines he explained the perspectives where in he was desirous of the men around him. He wanted their destiny, their specialty, their allure and brilliance. By being desirous he spoken to what little expectation he had left to have a superior life than what he had at the hour of his discourse. By the eight line he conceded that he was bad at what he appreciated doing. By saying â€Å"with what most appreciate placated least† he communicated that he felt that he was not fruitful in his specialty. In the initial eight lines of the sonnet it has built up a restrictive contention. It demonstrated the poet’s dissatisfac tion with his specialty. His downturn originated from his sentiment of misfortune subsequently driving him to feel isolated from the youngsters his age. Because of this he imagined the young in the organization of others while the artist is â€Å"all alone.†In the last six lines the speaker kept on feeling sorry for himself as he began to portray how his contemplations lead him to disdain himself. The speaker kept on reflecting upon himself and his condition of life. He related it to the â€Å"lark at break of day arising†. In this he implied that he was wanting for a superior destiny yet still feels despair as he was still at â€Å"sullen earth singing â€Å"hymns at sky gate†. The speaker delineated himself to petition God for the favorable luck he used to have. The picture he was attempting to show portrayed his great recollections companionships and youth which he used to make up for the terrible luck he was experiencing. In the last line he at last makes a pledge to change his condition of life as he portrayed his future state to be at standard with kings.Generally the sonnet was an account of a battle of a fallen man in the interest to change himself and the destiny he experienced. From the start he was floundering in his agony and enduring as he felt miserable in the midst of effective men around him. In the later pieces of the sonnet he attempts to fill himself with any desire for better things to come as he regretted on the great occasions he had in his life. He did this in a cheerful way as he attempted to petition the sky above to carry him to the destiny he used to have.

Critique on Constraint-Based Approaches for Balancing Bike-Sharing Systems Free Essays

Rundown: The article, â€Å"Constraint-Based Approaches for Balancing Bike-Sharing Systems† by Gaspero, Rendl, Urli (2013) centers upon another business movement occurring in occupied urban areas, known as the bicycle sharing framework. While urban communities are packed and it is frequently hard for walkers to walk significant distances, the bicycle sharing framework empowers individuals to lease bicycles from bicycle stations situated in different places over the city, ride to their goal, and afterward return the bicycle to another bicycle station in nearness. Notwithstanding, there is regularly an administration issue in the bicycle sharing framework which prompts client disappointment as clients situated in uneven or rural territories take bicycles from stations in nearness of these regions however then take the bicycles to the bustling downtown areas and park at a station there. We will compose a custom article test on Scrutinize on Constraint-Based Approaches for Balancing Bike-Sharing Systems or on the other hand any comparable theme just for you Request Now Consequently, this leaves the bicycle stations in these regions unfilled as scarcely any clients return their bicycles to these stations. In like manner, clients in these territories face burden and the interest for bicycles in these zones isn't met properly. In addition, clients in the bustling downtown area territories face issues of stopping their bicycles as the bicycle stations in downtown areas are full and clients frequently need to go looking for an accessible spot to stop their bicycles. Accordingly, this issue builds up a requirement for the improvement of an answer for advance the gathering of interest and to guarantee that clients are given greatest comfort. Appropriately, this circumstance brings about a requirement for adjusting the bicycle sharing framework so the entirety of the bicycle stations are similarly outfitted with bicycles for clients and no station is left over-burden or void. The arrangement found for this was through a short-term transport course by the executives of the bicycle sharing help which gets bikes from specific stations and puts in them somewhere else in request to adjust the bicycle sharing framework and guaranteeing that the framework can give clients comfort and satisfy need suitably. The article utilizes two limitation put together methodologies centering with respect to well known courses and interest for bikes so as to decide the most ideal visits and working directions so as to move bicycles suitably and proficiently. The article first utilizes limitation programming and two novel imperative models so as to locate the most encouraging courses for the reasonable bicycle sharing framework. At that point the article underlines upon the Large Neighborhood Search approach and contrasts it and the past Branch and Bound methodology so as to figure out which technique is generally reasonable for structuring an ideal visit plan for migrating bikes. The article infers that the blend of requirement propogation and neighborhood search is a viable technique to expand the presentation of the visit. Additionally, the arrangement discovered accentuates after constraining the size of the local which will empower arriving requiring little to no effort arrangements rapidly. While the writers of the examination have at present utilized a quantitative methodology for this article, they want to direct future quantitative research by investigating various variations of the Large Neighborhood Search including utilizing distinctive halting conditions and acknowledgment measures. The creators have likewise named one component of the issue as the dynamic variation of the BBSS issue which the creators wish to concentrate later on. This variation incorporates the part of when bicycles are moved from autonomously starting with one station then onto the next during rebalancing which brings about factor target esteems and variable station stacks after some time. Evaluate: The article, â€Å"Constraint-Based Approaches for Balancing Bike-Sharing Systems† is engaged upon an exceptional point for which there isn't a tremendous measure of past writing accessible. The creators have investigated a part of business action that exists in the contemporary business condition yet is moderately new to clients and clients and has not recently been talked about to a huge degree in business look into. In this way, the article gives a helpful clarification of a current issue and offers a careful clarification of the issue. In any case, the article centers upon an extremely restricted theme and is just explicitly based on the issue of bicycle sharing frameworks. Along these lines, the discoveries of the investigation can't be summed up in different territories and may not be exceptionally helpful in the contemporary business condition as they are just taking into account a specialty action (Delamont Atkinson, 2010). The language utilized in the article is straightforward and plain as day which upgrades the comprehension of perusers and empowers them to fathom what the writers are expecting to convey and the issue that they are intending to explain. Notwithstanding, while the creators make the clarification of the issue strikingly clear, the arrangement they offer is of an exceptionally entangled quantitative nature. In this manner, when the article dispatches into its calculations, the peruser is probably going to get befuddled and may likewise lose enthusiasm for the article (Alston Bowles, 2012). Besides, the article doesn't plainly show its outcomes and doesn't offer an exhaustive and straightforward clarification of what the writers have found and what their discoveries mean. Along these lines, it might be hard for the peruser to fathom the authors’ discoveries and what advantage the article has given to perusers identified with the point being referred to. In like manner, there are different methodologies that the writers could have utilized so as to upgrade the degree of cognizance of the article and increment its helpfulness for customary perusers. The primary option recommended approach for the writers of this article was to embrace a subjective procedure comprising of meetings with the clients of the bicycle sharing frameworks and addition top to bottom information on the predominant issue and proposed arrangements. Be that as it may, there might be a few impediments to utilizing this procedure which incorporate affirming the legitimacy of the outcomes and breaking down or estimating information. The quantitative methodology permits the creators to fittingly gauge and break down information and affirm that the outcomes got are bona fide and substantial. Utilizing subjective information may imply that the outcomes acquired may contain components of questioner or respondent inclination (Flick, 2009). Another elective methodology that the writers could have utilized comprises of leading an intensive writing survey on the point which could have helped increment peruser understanding and hold peruser consideration. Be that as it may, the fundamental issue engaged with embracing this methodology lies in the way that this subject might not have a territory of writing accessible for investigation and it might have been hard for the writers to accumulate this degree of data. The writers could have still improved comprehension of this investigation by including progressively past writing or including related themes to the examination (Daymon Holloway, 2010).The writers could have additionally picked to disentangle the quantitative examination and utilize straightforward factual estimations so as to upgrade peruser comprehension and appreciation. Techniques, for example, relapse, engaging insights, and other factual measures could have been utilized rather than confounded heuristics compu tations. This would have empowered perusers to comprehend the discoveries in a superior way and improve cognizance (Liamputtong Ezzy, 2006). Nonetheless, the article was elegantly composed and altogether clarified which improved peruser consideration and empowered appreciation. In addition, the computations upgraded legitimacy and credibility of the outcomes and empowered the suitable count of the data required. The procedure of the paper could have been disentangled and the structure could have been improved with further sub-headings and a more extensive writing audit (Denzin Lincoln, 2011). Subsequently, while the article had certain deficiencies it additionally had many qualities in the feeling of the degree of articulation, the degree of comprehension, and the quantitative examination directed. In any case, the creators of the investigation can improve the clearness and understanding of the examination by fusing the suggestions referenced and the creators ought to likewise develop the area on further research and incorporate further thoughts for future research. Recommendations for Further Work: The creators of this examination can additionally direct research upon different techniques for move or can duplicate this investigation by executing a subjective system later on. The creators can likewise direct research on other new business exercises and perhaps pick points which oblige a vaster market as opposed to just taking into account a specialty business movement. References Liamputtong, P., Ezzy, D. (2006).Qualitative research strategies. New York: Oxford University Press. Daymon, C., Holloway, I. (2010).Qualitative research techniques in advertising and showcasing correspondences. Routledge. Denzin, N. K., Lincoln, Y. S. (Eds.). (2011).The SAGE handbook of subjective research. Sage. Mill operator, T., Mauthner, M., Birch, M., Jessop, J. (Eds.). (2012).Ethics in subjective research. Sage. Flick, U. (2009).An prologue to subjective research. Sage. Alston, M., Bowles, W. (2012).Research for social laborers: A prologue to strategies. Allen Unwin. Delamont, S., Atkinson, P. (Eds.). (2010).SAGE Qualitative Research Methods. SAGE Publications Limited. Strategy for Gathering Data: The writing accumulated for this scrutinize was assembled from diaries, books, and online sources. Specific catchphrases were utilized so as to discover significant hotspots for this investigate and accentuation was given after discovering sources with respect to subjective and quantitative examination. The writing utilized for this study was altogether perused, analyzed, and important focuses were removed so as to frame an investigation for the article being referred to. Ho

Captivating Nursing Essay Examples on Healthcare System

Nursing Essay Example on Future of Healthcare System and Nurses Introduction The special report issued in 2010 by the Institute of Medicine (IOM) is considered as one of the most influential documents ever issued in the 21st century by the healthcare institutions. The report known as The Future of Nursing: Leading Change, Advancing Health clearly indicates the importance of higher education and further training for nurses on a regular basis in order to show high performing results in dynamic working surroundings that they are about to enter. Thereafter, by issuing this report, the IOM had a massive impact on the nursing profession. The paper will discuss how nurses could become full partners with physicians and providers in redesigning healthcare.

10 Fast Facts About Amphibians

The Jewish Community of Argentina Essay - 2028 Words

The Jewish Community of Argentina Argentina is the second largest nation in Lain America and boasts the largest Jewish community in the region (200,000 of its 35 million people). From an open door policy of immigration to the harboring of Nazi war criminals, Argentinas Jews have faced period of peaceful coexistence and periods of intense anti-Semitism. Argentinas Jews have numerous Jewish community organizations. The DIAI (Delegacion de Asociaciones Israelitas Argentinas) was founded in 1939 as the political arm of the Jewish community. The DIAI protects Jewish rights and represents the community in the government. Another organization, the AMIA, an Ashkenazic mutual-aid society, provides health and human services to†¦show more content†¦In 1889, 824 Russian Jews arrived in Argentina on the SS Weser and became gauchos (Argentine cowboys). The gauchos bought land and established a colony, which they named Moiseville. Due to lack of funding, the gauchos appealed to Baron Maurice de Hirsch for funds and the Baron subsequently founded the Jewish Colonization Association. During its heyday, the Association owned more than 600,000 hectares of land, populated by more than 200,000 Jews. While non-Jews now own many of these cooperative ranches, Jews continue to run some of the properties. Between 1906 and 1912, Jewish immigration increased at a rate of 13,000 immigrants per year. Most of the immigrants were Ashkenazi Jews from Europe, but a number of Sephardic Jews from Morocco and the Ottoman Empire also settled in Argentina. By 1920, more than 150,000 Jews were living in Argentina. Anti-Semitic attacks against Jews were infrequent in Argentina before World War I. Following the Russian Revolution, between 1918 and 1930, anti-revolutionary feelings developed into full-blown anti-Semitism against the Rusos. From January 7-13, 1919, a general strike in Buenos Aires led to a pogrom against the Jews. Many were beaten and had their property burned and looted.i Despite anti-Semitic actions against the Jews and increasing xenophobia, Jews became involved in most sectors of Argentine society. Still they were unable to be work in the government or military and so many became farmers, peddlers, artisans andShow MoreRelated Schindlers list Essay672 Words   |  3 Pages Oscar Schindler Oskar Schindler would never have been anyone’s ideal savior, especially for the Jewish community. He was an open member of the Nazi party, a womanizer, a gambler, an alcoholic, and was extremely money hungry, but was successfully able to rescue and save from death over twelve hundred Jewish men and women. Schindler was born on April 28th, 1908 in Zwittua, Czechoslavakia. He was born Catholic and into a wealthy family, but started early on a life of sin. 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One-way that Jewish immigration assimilated intoRead MoreSilence Of Argentina By Jacobo Timerman Essay1415 Words   |  6 PagesSilence in Argentina Jacobo Timerman’s memoir Prisoner without a Name, Cell without a Number both details Timerman’s time in captivity at the hands of the Argentine military government and examines the political climate in Argentina that allowed said government to â€Å"eliminate reality† (13) and plunge the country into chaos. Timerman exhaustively covers all forms of oppression – from various physical tortures to outright violations of the law – that the military government carries out in order toRead MoreThe s Presence Of Latin America762 Words   |  4 Pagesinternational terrorist organization you need money. Despite receiving the majority of funding from Iran, Hezbollah began working in Latin America in the mid-1980s. 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Fish Philosophy free essay sample

The philosophy is simple, ND goes by applying four ingredients that will turn the place from stress and dullness Into relax and fun. The Ingredients of FISH philosophy are as follows: 1. Choose your attitude 2. Play 3. Make their day 4. Be there Ingredient 1 Choose your attitude: This Is the platform to build upon, and the core concept that everything else depends on. You have the freedom of choice of your attitude: an optimistic and happy attitude, or a pessimistic and sad one.Choose to be happy, smiling, easy going, ignorant of mistakes, and youll discover how beautiful and shining you and your place would be. On the other hand, choose to be angry, frowning, hard-headed, picky on mistakes, isolated, and youll discover how miserable your day would be! Choose your attitude is the hardest ingredients, but sets the stage for all other ingredients to happen. So work on your attitude, and work on it now. We will write a custom essay sample on Fish Philosophy or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Ingredient 2 Play: Have fun, even If you have lots to do with deadlines nearing, and dont seem to have enough in your schedule.All that stress come from the fact that you prevent yourself from enjoying what you do. Make it a playful project, an enjoyable study, an easy hopping, a fun meeting, etc. If you cannot enjoy what you do, then try to have some pleasant moments between the heavy tasks you work on. Engage with colleagues or family to create a play yard out of your place. Ingredient 3 Make their day: By having fun yourself, work on extending that to others who surround you.Make their day by expressing how youre grateful to have them, or by cheering them up. Get them out of their misery by offering advice and help. You cannot imagine how cheerful you would be when giving a hand to someone. Ingredient 4 Be there: Be present to your family, customers, colleagues, and people by giving full attention to who calls for you to advice or help. Dont be ignorant to those calls Get to answer them on the spot, or at least dedicate some time to connect with those you care about to listen to.Ignoring a call for help from your wife, your son, a colleague, or a customer could yield to disappointments and sometimes problems that you couldve avoided earlier. Applying FISH to your life: I actually believe in the importance of these ingredients to have better place whether t home or at work, and below are some ideas Im thinking of to practice those in my life (both at home and at work): Ideas I At Home I At Work I Choose your attitude I Be happy, smiling, and open-minded, soft, easy going, ones.Say hi or salaam to everyone you face! I Play I Educate by fun, and stop yelling. Make the shopping a learning experience for your child where he or she looks for the stuff and picks them up. EnJoy home fixes. Watch cartoons with your child while commenting. I Start your meetings with fun or Spookiest some funny pictures or comics to your desk, or common applesauce a board so employees can post some sheave a gaming console and work on a gaming competition I Make their day I Compliments, Compliments, Compliments.Bring your wife some flowers. Lenitive the family to a day out (l really mean the invite here, and not like were bored, lets go out). Bring your child something he or she likes (candy for instance). I Compliment the work and attitude of your colleagues. Engage with customers and pinpoint their pains and offer solutions with what they already have. Avoid bad news, and be a passenger of the good ones! I Be there I Listen to your wife and dont offer lotions, Just listen (we all can hear, you need to listen! ).Have a conversation with your child on school or how others deal with him. Listen to the unsaid, and express your willingness to offer help if needed. I Listen to pains from colleagues and customers and offer solutions emails and phone calls if someone calls for your advices full attention when talking to your colleagues or customers all people are comfortable talking about their problems, so dig deep within the soles and look for faces that need help. I Remember to work hard on setting the stage by choosing the right attitude!

The heritage of the Soviet Union

Two decades ago many people thought the number of democratic countries would increase significantly in Europe. The dissolution of the Soviet Union was regarded as a potent impetus for countries of Central and Eastern Europe to develop into democratic Western-like states. People in Western Europe and North America as well as people of Central and Eastern Europe strived for democratic societies in the post-Soviet regions.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on The heritage of the Soviet Union specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More However, now it is evident that Europe has hardly been ‘enriched’ by truly democratic states as countries of Central and Eastern Europe developed in semi-democratic or even authoritarian states. Researchers single out different political, economic, cultural and historical reasons for such trends. The future of these countries is also seen differently. Clearly, apart from political, cultur al, historical and socio-economic factors, geopolitical situation will play an important role in the development of these countries. It is necessary to note that the countries of Central and Eastern Europe have much in common. Roberts (2006) notes that Communist heritage affected the countries in quite a specific way making the states more centralized and people less politically active. At that, cultural peculiarities of the countries and economic factors resulted in different types of democracies which have been developed in this or that country of Central and Eastern Europe. Researchers suggest different classifications of the democracies in the region. However, it is possible to note that all of these classifications are based on the level of authoritarian rule in a country. It is possible to exploit the classification used in in the study implemented by Freedom House (Freedom House 2012). According to this study, the countries of Central and Eastern Europe can be divided into th e following groups: consolidated democracies (Estonia, Slovenia, Latvia, Czech Republic, Poland, Lithuania, Slovakia and Hungary), semi-consolidated democracies (Bulgaria, Romania, Croatia, Serbia, Macedonia and Montenegro), hybrid regimes (Albania, Bosnia, Ukraine, Georgia and Moldova), semi-consolidated authoritarian regimes (Kosovo and Armenia) and consolidated authoritarian regimes (Kyrgyzstan, Russia, Tajikistan, Kazakhstan, Azerbaijan, Belarus, Turkmenistan and Uzbekistan). Thus, to understand the future of these countries, it is important to consider political systems within the countries and define factors which resulted in the development of such regimes. Roberts (2006) analyses the democracies in terms of the variables suggested by Lijphart. One of the variables is centralization of power within democratic powers. Roberts (2006) points out that in the majority of cases democratic states do not have a very strict centralized power. However, when it comes to the countries of Central and Eastern Europe, they are all unitary and centralized.Advertising Looking for essay on history? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More On the one hand, centralization cannot be regarded as a negative feature as it is often associated with well-organised structures which cooperate and contribute to the development of countries. Furthermore, post-communist countries of Central and Eastern Europe are rather small. They are characterised by ethnical homogeneity. Therefore, centralization is but natural for these countries. Nonetheless, centralization which is a characteristic feature of the countries in Central and Eastern Europe leads to negative outcomes. This centralization prevents proper cooperation between different bodies within the state. In federal states, local authorities interact with federal bodies which, in their turn, cooperate with each other. Thus, needs of all stakeholders are addressed to the fullest. Centr alization is deprived of such a comprehensive cooperation which leads to a gap between the power and people. It is important to note that centralization is not only caused by ethnical homogeneity. The Soviet Union was a highly centralised state and the Communist rule can still be traced in the countries of Central and Eastern Europe (Roberts 2006). Roberts (2006) claims that the countries employ the pattern used in the Soviet Union where centralization was characterised by a variety of negative features. First, there was almost no cooperation among different bodies of the state. Likewise, the countries of the post-Soviet region show lack of cooperation between their institutions. The centre often imposes requirements that should be strictly followed by regions, though the centre often does not have comprehensive information on the matter. Thus, it is possible to note that centralization has become one of distinctive features of democracy in the countries in question. Apart from cent ralization, Roberts (2006) singles out another peculiarity of these democracies. The researcher notes that the countries are highly consensus, i.e. their governments are characterised by: [A] multiparty system, the predominance of minority or surplus majority cabinets, a rough balance between the executive and legislature, a low level of disproportionality in electoral results, and strong corporatism. (Roberts 2006, p. 39)Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on The heritage of the Soviet Union specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Notably, the number of parties in these countries significantly exceeds the number of parties in established democracies. Again, there are two sides of this plurality. On the one hand, a lot of different groups can be represented in legislative bodies of the countries. This can be regarded as a positive sign of democracy as needs of larger numbers of people can be met. Therefore, it is possible to state that former Communist republics managed to evolve into democratic states (Rupnik 1999). However, the Communist heritage affected the development of democracies which differ from established democracies of Western Europe. The rule of a single party made people unprepared to the availability of a number of political forces. Thus, this kind of plurality is very negative in nature. The electoral systems of the countries in question are characterised by wasted votes. There are many parties and people often give their votes to countries which have no chances to enter the parliament. These wasted votes are often used by elite groups which obtain more seats in legislative bodies. Furthermore, the abundance of political parties is also associated with people’s unawareness of political agendas of this or that party. This unawareness makes people alienate from politics. It makes them less politically active. It is also necessary to point out that people are somewhat alienated as they still feel distrust towards their governments. Bideleux (2007) claims that the autocratic rule of the Communist Party in the USSR made people see the power as something alienated from people and real issues. People of Central and Eastern Europe did not rely on the support of the political forces and never participated in the political life of their countries as the Communist Party was a single ruling force which did not take into account people’s will and needs. After the dissolution of the USSR, the countries had a very difficult period when political forces were unable to take control over the country’s development. Non-state agents (criminals) had a significant influence which spread to almost all spheres of people’s life. All these factors contributed greatly to development of people’s distrust towards political forces in the country as people have been witnesses of these forces’ inability to cooperate and lead the country. Apart from peop le’s alienation, this kind of plurality is proved to be ineffective as political parties have too different agendas and can hardly cooperate with each other (Way Levitskiy 2007).Advertising Looking for essay on history? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The lack of cooperation and the abundance of political parties as well as people’s alienation can be explained. In the first place, the Soviet Union was a state ruled by a single Communist Party. It is quite natural that after the dissolution of the USSR the former Soviet republics were striving for plurality. The rule of a single force proved to be authoritarian and ineffective. Therefore, numerous political parties focusing on specific groups of people or particular issues have appeared in the countries of Central and Eastern Europe (Vejvoda Kaldor 2002). People of the countries in question tried to exploit patterns used in Western Europe, but they deemed a greater number of parties would positively affect the development of democracy in their countries. At this point, it is important to pay attention to political struggle in the countries. It is very suggestive. In the countries with consolidated authoritarian regimes (e.g. Belarus or Kazakhstan) there is almost no strong opposition. Interestingly, Levitsky and Way (2010, pp. 183-184) note that â€Å"authoritarian breakdown in Serbia (2000), Georgia (2003), and Ukraine (2004)† can be regarded as a sign of the rise of opposition and development of new â€Å"opposition tactics† and formation of movements which â€Å"toppled non-democratic governments (the so-called color [sic] revolutions)†. Admittedly, these colour revolutions did bring some changes, though they should be seen as a sign of unpreparedness of people of Central and Eastern Europe to exploit effective protest tactics which could have positive results. Clearly, political forces of the new states were unprepared to cooperate and even protest properly as the Soviet rule presupposed strict obedience rather than cooperation (Berg-Schlosser 2007). The years of the Soviet rule show that protests were always suppressed by the Party. People even failed to develop proper protest tactics as all attempts were always suppressed. Roberts (2006) also notes that people are now very hostile to Communist Party especially in the Balkans or in such countries as the Czech Republic or Poland. This contributes to the lack of cooperation among the parties as some political forces in the countries of Central and Eastern Europe are still associated with the Communist Party of the Soviet Union. Roberts (2006) states that even effective policies are often ignored if they were initiated by parties associated with the Communist Party of the USSR. Besides, Roberts (2006, p. 51) stresses that â€Å"communism had eliminated almost all traces of civil and economic society, the source of the bargaining partners for corporatism†. This leads to the short-lived governments which are unable to follow a particular political trajectory. Another distinctive feature of democracies in Central and Eastern Europe is corruption. The corruption is a result of the unstable political situation in the countries. Clearly, corruption also contributes to the development of distrust to the political forces. Again, the corruption is not only a product of the difficult times of the 1990s, but it is a product of the Soviet system which was also rather corrupted (Levitsky Way 2010). There were some interest groups and certain political elite which made major (or rather all) decisions. Therefore, it is clear that countries of Central and Eastern Europe have developed quite specific democracies due to the Soviet heritage. There are lots of features which are common for the countries. However, there are also many differences. These differences are not based on cultural peculiarities only. Geopolitical factors significantly affected development of the countries of the region. Thus, some countries managed to develop more established democracies whereas some countries made almost no progress since the early 1990s. As far as the most democratic states are concerned, they were established in Slovenia, Estonia, Latvia, Poland, Cze ch Republic, Lithuania, Slovakia and Hungary (Freedom House 2012). There are several reasons for these nations’ success. In the first place, these countries managed to break connections with Russia quite quickly. These countries managed to choose a particular West-oriented trajectory. It is necessary to note that the connections were not very close historically. Therefore, the countries had no difficulties with this process. The choice of these countries was appreciated by such established democracies as the USA, the UK, France, Germany, etc. These countries provided financial aid and other types of support to the new post-Soviet countries which had made the choice. The financial aid enabled countries to develop economically which, in its turn, led to political stability. Admittedly, not all post-Soviet countries enjoyed stability and economic growth. Such states as Bulgaria, Romania, Croatia, Serbia, Macedonia and Montenegro were not that successful (Freedom House 2012). How ever, these countries failed to develop consolidated democracies due to ethnical strife. Military conflicts led to unstable political and economic situation in the region. Nonetheless, these countries managed to overcome the difficulties and political forces managed to start cooperating. Now these countries are developing quite rapidly. Though, there are various issues to address, it is possible to trace positive trends in the countries’ development. Besides, these countries also obtain support of Western democracies which leads to development of economic and political stability in the region. Hybrid regimes in Albania, Bosnia, Ukraine, Georgia and Moldova as well as semi-consolidated authoritarian regimes in Kosovo and Armenia developed due to a number of reasons (Freedom House 2012). For instance, Albania, Bosnia and Kosovo suffered from a number of ethnical conflicts. These conflicts led to the lack of stability which, in its turn, resulted in a slow development. As for Uk raine, Georgia and Moldova, these countries still have quite close connections with Russia, i.e. with the old Soviet model of centralized power where Russia still dictates certain requirements. Notably, Moldova and Georgia are more successful in their attempts to become free from the influence of the former central power. These countries are trying to change the trajectory of their development. These countries also obtain assistance from Western democracies. As for Ukraine, the country is still under a significant influence as Russia still interferes in the home and foreign policy of Ukraine. The country has not still chosen the trajectory and the elements of Western democratic models are intermingled with elements of Soviet-Russian authoritarian regime. Finally, consolidated authoritarian regimes developed in Belarus (as well as in Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, Kazakhstan, Azerbaijan, Turkmenistan and Uzbekistan) due to the fact that these countries still have close connections with Russ ia and still exploit old Soviet models. In these countries a specific elite group is in power. For instance, Belarusian President Lukashenko has been in office since 1994. Lukashenko employs authoritarian ways to rule the country. The country is characterised by the absence of significant protest movements. There were several attempts to overthrow the existing regime, but all attempts failed. The centralization is especially vivid in this state. Notably, economic situation in the country is relatively stable. However, judicial power is a manifestation of the will of the groups in power (Roberts 2006). There are also lots of cases of violation of people’s civil rights. It is also important to note that there are no significant political changes in the state. All these historical facts and contemporary trends can help predict future trajectory change in the post-Soviet countries of Central and Eastern Europe. Clearly, consolidated democracies of the region will continue their c ooperation with Western states. Such countries as Poland can be regarded as a very good example of a country which is developing rapidly. Thus, judicial system of this country is considered to be the best in the world (Roberts 2006). Slovenia, Estonia, Latvia, Poland, Czech Republic, Lithuania, Slovakia and Hungary are characterised by a significant change. These countries show traits of democratisation in all spheres. People of these countries have already become politically active. They participate in elections and they take part in the process of decision making. What is more, people of these countries have trust in their government and other political forces. The people of these countries feel they do influence the development of their country (Berg-Schlosser 2007). Of course, this is one of the signs of the democratic state. Notably, development of democratic state will also lead to stability in the country. Furthermore, economic support of the Western countries will help the f ormer Soviet republics become in a row with established democracies of Western Europe. It is possible to state that the future trajectory of these countries is unlikely to change, which will positively affect the development of these countries. As for such countries as Bulgaria, Romania, Croatia, Serbia, Macedonia, Montenegro, Moldova and Georgia; the situation in these countries is not that stable and the trajectory of their development can change (Berg-Schlosser 2007). However, this change is also unlikely. These countries show quite definite Western orientation. They employ Western models of development. There are signs of democratisation in all spheres. Remarkably, the power has restored people’s trust which is very important. People start actively participating in the political life of the state. One of the possible hazards to the democratic development of the countries (especially Croatia and Serbia) is still ethnic strife. Economic crises can also cause a change of the trajectory. At that, assistance of Western democracies can prevent both economic constraints and change of trajectory. Even when an economic crisis breaks out in one of these countries, the countries will still remain focused on Western models of development which proved to be effective. Finally, the countries which can change trajectories are Belarus and Ukraine. As far as the former is concerned, there are signs of growing discontent with the present regime. The rising number of protests in the country can be regarded as a sign of an upcoming change. Though there is still lack of such democratic features as free media, people still get to know about the protest movements which can eventually lead to a change. At that, the protest movements are also West-oriented, i.e. protestors require democratic development of the country. Furthermore, tension between Belarus and Russia can also become an impetus to change the political trajectory. Finally, economic decline can lead to the grow th of people’s discontent, which, in its turn, will lead to changes. As far as Ukraine is concerned, the political situation in the country is quite unstable (Berg-Schlosser 2007). The power cannot gain people’s trust. Corruption is another hazard to the democratic development of the country. There is still no cooperation between political forces within the country. The major political forces of the country have quite opposite agendas and orientations. Thus, it is quite difficult to predict which force will gain more power. Upcoming elections can provide some insights into possible scenarios of the country’s development. However, existing trends show that the country is likely to choose the Western model of development and will continue democratic development. In conclusion, it is necessary to point out that the heritage of the Soviet Union is still manifested in the political systems of the post-Soviet countries of Central and Eastern Europe. Many countries of this region still exploit Soviet models of governance. Thus, the countries are highly centralised which is not only a result of quite small size of the states, but is also a product of extremely centralized power in the Soviet Union. Corruption which is a significant issue to be addressed in the region is also a product of the former Soviet rule. The abundance of political parties is another distinctive feature of the countries of Central and Eastern Europe. At that, people and political forces of the countries are hostile to the Communist party and parties associated with it. This often negatively affects the process of decision making. The tension between parties within the countries leads to the lack of cooperation which, in its turn, prevents countries from proper democratic development. It is also important to note that the countries of the region in question have certain peculiarities. Thus, some countries are rapidly developing employing Western models. These countries obtain assistance from Western democracies. At the same time, they have almost no connections with Russia which still exploits authoritarian models. However, some countries are developing at a slower pace due to cultural peculiarities. Ethnical strife and economic constraints have prevented these countries from democratization. Finally, there is still the country (Belarus) which employs authoritarian models. However, irrespective of certain factors, it is possible to trace definite trends which show gradual democratisation of the countries in Central and Eastern Europe. More so, it is possible to trace the trajectory chosen by the countries. The vast majority of the countries have chosen democratization and Western models of development. These countries are highly unlikely to change the trajectory of their development. However, such countries as Belarus and Ukraine can change the trajectories. Though, it is also necessary to note that these countries are likely to continue democratization exploiting patterns of established democracies. Therefore, it is possible to state that Central and Eastern Europe can soon (within several decades) consist of democratic countries only. Admittedly, the Soviet rule had a great impact on each country and it still influences the development of these countries. Nonetheless, the countries start exploiting patterns used by established democracies of Western Europe. The former Soviet states of Central and Eastern Europe are gradually becoming well-established democratic countries, therefore, reshaping the geopolitical situation in Europe. Reference List Berg-Schlosser, D 2007, ‘The quality of post-communist democracy’, in S White, J Batt PG Lewis (ed.), Developments in Central and East European Politics, Duke University Press, Hampshire. Bideleux, R 2007, ‘Making democracy work’ in the Eastern half of Europe: explaining and conceptualizing divergent trajectories of post-communist democratization’, Perspe ctives on European Politics and Society 8.2, pp. 109-130. Freedom House 2003, Nations in Transit 2012, https://freedomhouse.org/report/nations-transit/nations-transit-2012. Levitsky, S Way, LA 2010, Competitive authoritarianism: hybrid regimes after the Cold War, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge. Roberts, A 2006, ‘What kind of democracy is emerging in Eastern Europe?’, Post-Soviet Affairs 22.1, pp. 37-64. Rupnik, J 1999, ‘The postcommunist divide’, Journal of Democracy 10.1, pp. 57-62. Vejvoda, I Kaldor, M 2002, Democratization in Central and Eastern Europe, Continuum International Publishing Group, London. Way, LA Levitsky, S 2007, ‘Linkage, leverage, and the post-Communist Divide’, East European Politics and Societies 21.1, pp. 48-66. This essay on The heritage of the Soviet Union was written and submitted by user Eva Ross to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

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The Great Depression Essay Tillie Olson’s semi-autobiographic story â€Å"I Stand Here Ironing† focuses on a mother’s reminiscing of the decisions she’s made regarding her first child, Emily, and the resulting impact those decisions had on her daughter. The mother, also the narrator, paints a picture of guilt, resentment, and remorse toward her choices while raising Emily. Throughout the story, there’s several instances that point to the mother possibly being a victim of postpartum depression. Emily. Although the consequences of the mother’s choices have already taken effect, she can’t help but to think about what she could have done or what Emily could be if she’d made the â€Å"right† decisions, as deemed by then society’s standards. The setting takes place during a time of struggle and hopelessness in the United States, the Great Depression of the 1930’s. 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The baby who was once beautiful is no longer. â€Å"I hardly knew her [†¦] All the baby loveliness gone (313).† The culmination of separation, as well as the angst and disappointment that she felt for Emily’s father has taken effect and is now transferred to her daughter. Everything about Emily, from her appearance to her walk, now reminded the mother of her estranged husband. That very moment reveals the reason behind Emily’s jaded life postpartum depression. Postpartum depression is a mood disorder that begins after childbirth and usually lasts beyond six weeks. Occurring in 8%-20% of all new mothers, postpartum depressed women exhibit behavior that is neither healthy nor motherly, which in turn has an adverse effect on the child. These effects became more than apparent in Emily’s case. PPD would help to explain the narrator’s constant distancing herself from Emily and difference of treatment her daughter received compared to her other children. 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She was too vulnerable for that terrible word of youthful competition, of preening and parading, of constant measuring yourself against every other, of envy, â€Å"If I had that copper hair, â€Å"If I had that skin†¦.† She tormented herself enough about not looking like the others, there was enough of the unsureness, the having to be conscious of words before you speak, the constant caringwhat are they thinking of me? Without having it all magnified by the merciless physical drives. (316). In addition to these findings, girls of postpartum depressed mothers show lower verbal intelligence (Doesum). â€Å"School was a worry to her. She was not glib or quick in a world where glibness and quickness were easily confused with ability to learn (315).† Emily, during her teens substituted in for her step-father while he was away at war, acting as the second parent to her siblings. She had to grow up quick and even as a child, she didn’t have much of a childhood. The mother admits that Emily’s aiding her at home may have had an influence in her shortcomings in school, stating, â€Å"There was so little time left at night after the kids were bedded down. She would struggle over booksâ₠¬ ¦ (317).† Surprisingly, daughters of mothers who had PPD were also rated as less externalizing by their mothers than girls in the community sample. One of the interpretations of this result may be a tendency among girls of depressed mothers to show more role reversal or â€Å"parentification,† in an effort to fulfill the parent’s need for comfort and care. An example of this is when a young Emily was sent to nursery school. She gravely disliked the nursery but she never outright expressed it to her mother. She would come up with excuses such as the teachers being sick in order to persuade her mother to let her stay home. Emily would feel pain on the inside and never externalize it to the outside world. Regarding the other children, the mother always describes them in a positive light and shows favoritism toward them compared to when Emily was their age. With her second daughter, Susan, the mother always chalks up in a highly favored fashion. â€Å"[†¦] Susan, golden- and curly-haired and chubby, quick and articulate and assured, everything in manner and appearance Emily was not (316).† Susan exemplified what it was to be the â€Å"it† girl during those times with her appearance as â€Å"a chubby blonde replica of Shirley Temple.† This created a tense feeling of envy and jealousy within Emily, according to the narrator. Even during the story, the narrator interrupts her monologue to announce that her youngest child, Ronnie, needs his diaper changed. Afterwards, she and he â€Å"sit for a while and I hold him, looking out over the city spread in charcoal with its soft aisles of light (316).† This, a scene that would never be depicted during Emily’s childhood. The only mention of her at that age is depiction of the mother picking up Emily from the babysitter at nights which was always met with an outbreak of tears and weeping, â€Å"a weeping I can hear yet.† She’s always look at Emily w ith an expression of tightness and worry. â€Å"You should smile more at Emily when you look at her (313),† a neighbor once said to her mother. Her less than motherly attitude to Emily is further exposed when she reveals that she’d let Emily be absent but is noticeably stricter with her siblings’ school attendance. These conclusions support the idea that Emily’s mother at one time had severe postpartum depression. A mothers feeling of self-confidence and self-efficacy is determined by many different factors including contextual characteristics such as social support, infant temperament, and maternal mental health. Defined, maternal self-confidence is the mothers perception of her own ability to take care of the child and to correctly interpret the childs signals. It governs adjustment to motherhood and is of great importance with respect to a positive mother–infant relationship (Doesum). The mother makes it clear throughout her retelling of Emily’s past that she doesn’t view h erself as a very good mother. She internally expresses her frustration with the way she raised Emily and the choices she’d made. Of course, motherhood doesn’t come with a handbook but she could have done some things differently. Ever since she was eight months old, Emily had continuously been neglected. Her father left her as a baby and as a result, her mother sent her off to live with his family for a while. Then, she was placed with a babysitter and later on dropped off at a nursery, then to a convalescent home. The narrator not once referenced to Emily having a best friend or a child over to play, at an age where forming relationships with peers is crucial. Even at the convalescent home, Emily had made a bond with another child, until her friend was immediately placed in another home. The establishment wouldn’t let children keep the letter they received in the mail from parents and had strict rules for visitation. This so called â€Å"home† established an â€Å"invisible wall† so to speak between visiting parents and the children above on the balcony (Frye). â€Å"They don’t like you to love anybody here,† explains Emily (315). It represents a separation Emily would feel for the rest of her life. All her life, Emily has invariably been pushed to the side and abandoned by the people whom she thought loved her or at least had her well-being in mind. Because of this, she became a lonely, isolated child. Even through her gift of mime, performing for high schools and colleges, Emily still felt isolated and alone. High levels of stress, low quality mother–infant interactions and insecure attachment early in a child’s life can adversely affect the development of the brain, which can have long-term consequences, for example for the child’s capacities to regulate emotions and cope with stress. Whenever Emily’s mother went out with her step-father, she couldn’t take it. She would open the door, thinking it might make her mother come back sooner and place the clock on the floor, claiming the clock â €Å"talked loud.† The clock is just one of many symbols in the story, representing the time mother and daughter never spent together and the separation between the two. The narrator is convinced that Emily is â€Å"[†¦] a child of her age, of depression, of war, of fear (318). As she reflects on her daughter’s life, she feels resentment, angst, and guilt yet she doesn’t let this consume her. She still has faith that her daughter will lead a different path and not have to go through the same painful struggles she faced as a lonely, 19-year-old, single mother during the Depression. Hardships turned her into what she is today, a strong and mature woman which is apparent due to her unbiased analysis of what she could have done better while raising Emily. The mother always heeded the advice of others and never herself as a first-time mother, always looking for validation through outside externalities. She corrected these mistakes with her subsequent children but by the time she realized it for Emily, it was too late. The damage has already been done. Although she may forever be reluctantly under the power of the iron, she wants Emily to be persuaded â€Å"[†¦] that she is more than this dress on the ironing board, helpless before the iron.† She has the capability to make something of herself, regardless of the way she grew up. Emily, at 19, has more opportunities than her mother had at the same age. That slight tinge of hope leads readers to interpret their own future for Emily, which she jokingly hints to through her budding talent for comedy by inferring that the human race will be atom-dead in a few years. She has a strong resource with her talent for pantomime that hopefully will foster as she grows older and gives her a chance to see what life is like outside of poverty. Emily is a survivor, through it all and has the ability and capacity to take life by the reigns, if she so chooses (Yahnke). Bibliography Doesum, Karin T. M., et al. Early School Outcomes for Children of Postpartum Depressed Mothers: Comparison with a Community Sample. Child Psychiatry and Human Development43.2 (2012): 201+. Academic OneFile. Web. 30 Apr. 2012. Frye, Joanne S. â€Å"I Stand Here Ironing’: Motherhood as Experience and Metaphor.† Studies in Short Fiction 18.3 (Summer 1981): 272-292. Rpt. in Short Story Criticism. Ed David L. Siegel Vol 11. Detroit: Gale Research, 1992. Literature Resource Center. Web 19 Mar 2012. Gerstenlauer, Jakob, et al. Effects of Postpartum Anxiety Disorders and Depression on Maternal Self-confidence. Infant Behavior and Development 35.2 (2012): 264+. Academic OneFile. Web. 30 Apr. 2012. Olsen, Tillie. â€Å"I Stand Here Ironing.† 1953. Portable Legacies 4th Edition. Schmidt, Jan, and Lynne Crockett, editors. Boston: Wadsworth Cengage Learning, 2009. 312-318. Yahnke, Robert E. Magill. â€Å"I Stand Here Ironing† Robert E. Magill’s Survey of American Literature, Revised Edition, September 2006, p1-1 Short Fiction (Work Analysis). Literary Reference Center. Web. 28 Mar 2012.

Insider vs. Outsider in The Blue Hotel, The Displaced Person, Bernice B

Insider vs. Outsider in The Blue Hotel, The Displaced Person, Bernice Bobs her Hair, and Novel In Dubious Battle Whenever a stranger enters an unfamiliar society, a clash between the outsider’s practices and society’s guidelines undoubtedly occurs. Whether the resulting conflict minimally or powerfully affects the people involved depends on the situation, but usually the results are monumental. In the short stories â€Å"The Blue Hotel,† â€Å"The Displaced Person,† and â€Å"Bernice Bobs her Hair,† and the novel In Dubious Battle, society’s fear of the stranger has severe negative consequences for the newcomer, as the community’s rules prevail over the outsiders in the end. A pattern emerges in the four stories, where society’s wariness of the outsider, whether warranted or unwarranted, triggers the rise and fall of the newcomer. The differences that each outsider possesses due to his or her own culture and upbringing, though varying from character to character, mark the source of the clash between the outsider and the community which he or she tries to enter. In â€Å"The Blue Hotel,† the Swede separates himself from the group both physically and verbally. His aloofness forces the other characters, who have already familiarized themselves with the small hotel in Nebraska, to suspect that he is dangerous. Their suspicions are indeed warranted, as demonstrated during the first card game of High-Five between Johnnie and the farmer. â€Å"The cowboy and the Easterner [watch] the game with interest, while the Swede remain[s] near the window, aloof† (39), displaying immediately that he has no intention of conforming to this societ y’s rules. After physically withdrawing from the others, the Swede does so verbally shortly after, stating that â€Å"th... ...hange a society that already has fixed practices, and he and the other workers pay the consequences. As â€Å"The Blue Hotel,† â€Å"The Displaced Person,† â€Å"Bernice Bobs her Hair,† and In Dubious Battle demonstrate, the outsiders in each story, though instilling an initial fear in the eyes of society, experience a sudden and considerable downfall in the end. Each of these defeats, some more extreme than others, result from a clash of society’s fixed guidelines with an outsider’s challenge of these rules. Whether this rebellion against society constitutes a conscious or unconscious effort, and whether the punishment results in justifiable or unjustifiable consequences, one pattern emerges. The outsider instills fear in the mind of the community, and as a defense mechanism, society takes it upon itself to conquer the stranger, leading to his or her ultimate downfall.

Family Curfews: Can Not Keep Teens Out of Trouble

Looking for freedom is human nature. Everyone wants to have his or her own space and time to manage. When you were a teenager, you sought for independence and tried to decide by yourself, but when you become a parent, can you still remember to let your children be free and have faith in them? Most parents will forget the feeling they experienced when they were teenagers and forgot to make the things right when they become moms or dads. They set a lot of rules at home for their kids and sometimes even strict family curfews. But do they work? Can they really keep teens out of trouble, or do they make it worse? Parents like to give curfews for their children like â€Å"you have to get home at XX time† and â€Å"you can not go anywhere without my permission,† etc. If they are grounded, they may resist it and get into trouble sometimes. In Irvine's (2009) article, she cites Sanchez's words that giving family curfews is like â€Å"putting a Band-Aid on the problem† (para. 25). You can not solve the problem your children have or prevent the trouble that may happen to them by setting curfews because curfews may cause computer game and pornography addictions, and family conflicts which is not good for building up the teens personality or keeping them healthy. Family curfews may lead to computer game addictions. If parents give their children curfews that they have to stay at home since a certain time, and because parents respect their privacy, teens may shut themselves in their rooms and do something that parents do not expect. In addition, teens all have their own computers nowadays, so it's easy for them to have computer game addictions. They will play online computer games just because they can not go out and play, and they do not have other things to do at home. That is a kind of trouble that could be brought on by curfews, and a lot of parents barely notice that their kids are having some serious problems. Computer game addiction is a terrible behavior because it is something unreal. Teens who like to play those games are always easy to be attracted by the fantasy world that built up in those games and they are more likely to ignore their studies, family and friends. Sometimes because they don't have a sense of achievement in their real life, they will lose themselves in the fictitious world where they can get a illusory sense of accomplishment. It's dangerous for teens to escape to the online world to compensate their frustration in reality and behave violently to which they learn from violent video games, and curfews give some teens excuses for staying at home and doing these â€Å"geek† things. There was a news report from Nan Fang Daily, and Li (2003) said that a 15 year-old boy, whose parents gave him a curfew, was led to a serious addiction of computer games. When the parents finally found out, they tried many ways to solve this problem, but the boy was so into it and could not help playing PC games. Eventually he ran away from home and never went back because he could not endure the double pressure from computer game addiction and from parents. That's clearly shows that curfews can not keep teens out of trouble, they can even bring them some severe problem, and computer game addiction is one of them. Just like computer game addiction, pornography addiction can be another bad behavior caused by family curfews. When teens are forced by parents to stay at home, they will find an outlet to vent their discontent, and they may indulge in pornography on the internet. Nowadays, it's easy for people to bump into some pornographic web sites unintentionally when they surf on the internet. Since teenagers are people that are always curious about everything, especially sex, it's more possible for them to take a look when they encounter those sites. Moreover, there are so many pornographic web sites on the internet, and people can easily open them, watch them, or even download them. For teens, these kinds of websites provide the exact knowledge that they yearn for. According to Family Safe Media (2001), the 12 to 17 year-old group is the main viewer who search porn online. So when they are ordered to be at home and are â€Å"working† with their computers, they may look at those sites and then are addicted to them. It's easy for them to want to experience the sensation of sex because their hormones rise which makes them be impulsive and passionate for sex, and it's possible for them to learn something wrong. There was a real story Mueller (2005) told about some 10 year-old boys who were from Christian families in which the parents were very strict and made a lot of rules. They were found having oral sex with one of their male classmates, which really shocked the parents. They learned to do it because one of them found a porn site on the internet and were quickly addicted to it. Then he searched for some more extreme sites and told his friends to watch and try to do what they saw on the show. This gives us an idea that if teens are restrained too much at home and spend a lot of time with themselves which is like giving them curfews, they may have computer addiction in pornography which is possible to put themselves in grave danger. Family curfews, moreover, can result in family conflicts. As we all know, teenagers easily become angry, insecure, confused, sensitive and impulsive. They tend to be more independent and have intense needs to be accepted by others. If there are strict parents in the families who give their children curfews all the time, their children will not listen but fight against them like Marmer said in Irvine's (2009) article, â€Å"If you keep telling kids ‘no' all the time and don't give them a ‘yes' part, they're going to rebel† (para. 8). There are a lot of families in which parents set many rules for the children that cause family conflicts. Teenagers who are experiencing adolescence possibly will have the reverse psychology towards parents. When parents gives curfews, some teens may argue for their rights of being independent and make deals with their parents in which case their reaction can be accepted, but others may challenge the parental authority. They probably become resentful and aggressive which may lead to quarreling or fighting with their parents, and they will be hostile and frustrated that could bring about cold war with their parents and result in running away from home or even committing suicide and some crimes eventually. Furthermore, because some teens are required to stay at home, they can not keep in touch with their friends or team members. They may become introverted, isolated, and negative when they interact with people, and they may become less active in both sports and social activities, which may have bad influences on their physical and psychological health. According to Fox News (2009), a 11 year-old New Mexico boy murdered his father with his father's rifle because his father was always very strict to him by giving severe curfews and sometimes punishments. That made the boy be angry and aggressive, feel depressed and neglected and want to rebel all the time which result in this astonishing consequence. This shows that curfews can cause family conflicts or even juvenile crimes by affecting teens' behavior and twisting teens' personality which will bring serious family or social issues. To conclude, we should not enforce family curfews on teens because they can not keep teens out of trouble, and they may bring more troubles instead. First, they may cause computer game addiction. If you keep your children at home, and then mind your own business and leave them with their computers in their rooms, they may become quickly addicted to computer ames rather than have social activities because they are stuck at home. Computer game addiction which can be caused by curfews is harmful for teens' growth. Second, family curfews can also lead to pornography addiction. When teens are forced to stay at home with their computer as company for them, they may easily indulge in pornography on the internet and this kind of curiosity may bring some dangerous problem which has a bad influence on the teens ' physical and psychological health. In addition, family curfews can result in serious family conflicts because teens are more likely to rebel when the parents set a lot of strict rules or prevent them from their friends. This may lead to severe conflicts between teens and parents that can result in terrible personal and social issues such as suicide and violent crime. Setting family curfews is not the best way to prevent teens from having trouble. What we need to do is communicate more with them and give wise advice in the appropriate moment like Berger said in Springen's (2010) article, â€Å"The teenager should have his own good sense to guide him when it is time to come home† (para. 11). Reference Family Safe Media. (2011). How to fight pornography. Retrieved (12/05/11) from http://familysafemedia. com/fight_the_porn_addiction. html Fox News. (2009, November 03). New Mexico boy charged with murder in father's death. Retrieved (12/05/11) from http://www. foxnews. com/story/0,2933,571527,00. html? test=latestnews Irvine, M. 2009, February 11). America's curfew debate. Retrieved (12/05/11) from http://www. cbsnews. com/stories/2004/02/03/national/main597788. shtml Li, S. (2003, September 05). Computer game addiction: Who is responsible?. Retrieved (12/05/11) from http://gd. nfdaily. cn/content/2003-09/05/content_1520700. htm Mueller, W. (2005). Teens and pornography:always bad, getting worse. Retrieved (12/05/11) from h ttp://www. cpyu. org/Page. aspx? id=163417 Springen, K. (2010, September 17). Curfews: Yes or no?. Retrieved (12/05/11) from http://family. lifegoesstrong. com/curfews-yes-or-no

Night Essay - 926 Words

Night nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;The book Night, by Elie Wiesel, is an autobiography about his experiences during the Holocaust. The story takes place in the 1940’s. The main characters are Elie and his father. Other characters are Elie’s mother and sister. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;In the beginning of the book, trouble is starting around the town in which Elie lived. Eventually German soldiers come into his town. At first, they did not seem so bad. The Kahn’s, a family who lived across the street from Elie, were housing a German soldier. The Kahn’s said that the German was quiet, but polite. As time went on, the Germans forced all Jews to live in ghettos. This hardship was easier for the Wiesel’s because their house was†¦show more content†¦Since they had no real jobs, what they mainly did was sleep. Elie and his father stayed in Auschwitz for three weeks. At the end of three weeks, the person in charge of their barracks was executed for being too humane. Elie, his father, and many other Jews were forced to go to a new concentration camp. Their destination was a camp called Buna. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;When the Jews arrived in Buna the camp looked like â€Å"it had suffered an epidemic†. The camp looked empty and dead. Elie’s job here was to count bolts, bulbs, and fix small electrical lighting fixtures in a room where German soldiers ate and listened to music performed by Jewish musicians. Elie was beaten after witnessing the rape of a young Jewish girl by the leader of Elie’s barracks. There were occasional air raids during Elie’s stay in this camp. The prisoners believed that the Germans were losing ground against the Americans. Soon, there were rumors going around that the Red Army was advancing on Buna, and it would only be a matter of hours before the army liberated the camp. The following morning, the SS evacuated Buna. The Jews were forced to run in the snow for forty-two miles. If someone stopped he would be shot. After forty-two miles of running they were able to rest. Elie and his father went into a factory and sat down for a little while. After an hour, the SS officers forced them to get up and continue onShow MoreRelatedShadow of the Night619 Words   |  3 PagesShadow of the Night On a freezing, dark blue night of Li, in the Village of Li-Marta. This was an old little village, the houses were nothing but ash and rubble except an old abandoned barn. The barn had creaking floor boards and a rotten wooden roof. In this abandoned barn there lived a young and confident farm boy; his clothes were ragged and full of holes. The young boy was called Rye named after the agricultural god Ren-Rye. As Rye was sitting on the creaking floor boards a thought hit himRead MoreThe Night By Elie Wiesel904 Words   |  4 PagesIn Night by Elie Wiesel, the author reflects on his own experience of being separated from his family and eventually his own religion. 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